Conclusion of Experiment
Using copper (II) sulfate and sodium carbonate, copper carbonate was able to be made in a lab setting. In the experiment, a chemical change had to occur in order for copper (II) carbonate to be produced. The signs of this change were the change in color and formation of percipitate. Because the temperature of the solution or the temperature of the beaker the solution was in did not change this is can not be used as an indicator of a reaction taking place and it can also be said that this was neither an endothermic or exothermic reaction.
Copper (II) carbonate is an ionic compound because it is formed by the attraction of a positive and a negative ion, aka a metal and a nonmetal. This means it is electrically neutral, is hard and brittle (as a solid), has a high melting point, and is a crystal structure instead of a molecule. This experiment transferred the electrons of the metal, copper, to the nonmetal, the polyatomic ion carbonate, in order to form the precipitate.
There are many possible sources of error that could have been encountered during the experiment and/ or calculations. One source of error could lie within measuring the amounts of each substance and of the water. It is possible that the exact amounts were not measured out. It is also possible that there could have been an error in weighing the substances. Another source of error was encountered when combining the copper (II) sulfate and sodium carbonate. When mixing these two chemicals some of the spilt out of the beaker and some was left on the mixer, leaving the exact amount of copper (II) carbonate to not be exact. The biggest source of error was caused by the limited amount of time. To fully measure the amount of copper (II) carbonate, the sodium sulfate (liquid produced/left over) should have been drained away from the copper (II) carbonate.This should have been done using a filter and a funnel to seperate the precipitate and liquid.
Copper (II) carbonate is an ionic compound because it is formed by the attraction of a positive and a negative ion, aka a metal and a nonmetal. This means it is electrically neutral, is hard and brittle (as a solid), has a high melting point, and is a crystal structure instead of a molecule. This experiment transferred the electrons of the metal, copper, to the nonmetal, the polyatomic ion carbonate, in order to form the precipitate.
There are many possible sources of error that could have been encountered during the experiment and/ or calculations. One source of error could lie within measuring the amounts of each substance and of the water. It is possible that the exact amounts were not measured out. It is also possible that there could have been an error in weighing the substances. Another source of error was encountered when combining the copper (II) sulfate and sodium carbonate. When mixing these two chemicals some of the spilt out of the beaker and some was left on the mixer, leaving the exact amount of copper (II) carbonate to not be exact. The biggest source of error was caused by the limited amount of time. To fully measure the amount of copper (II) carbonate, the sodium sulfate (liquid produced/left over) should have been drained away from the copper (II) carbonate.This should have been done using a filter and a funnel to seperate the precipitate and liquid.